Some other species obtain oxygen by thrusting
their spiracles into the aerenchyma of aquatic plants.
This habit occurs in larval Donacia (Coleoptera) and
Chrysogaster (Diptera), and larvae and pupae of
Notiphila (Diptera) and the mosquito Mansonia. With
the exception of Mansonia, all of these species live in
mud containing very little free oxygen. The
functional spiracles are at the tip of a sharp-pointed
post-abdominal siphon in larval forms (Fig. 17.23),
and on the anterior thoracic horns of the pupae.
For most aquatic insects obtaining their oxygen
from the air, however, periodic visits to the surface of
the water are necessary to renew the gases in the
tracheal system. Problems facing all insects that
come to the surface are those of breaking the surface
film and of preventing the entry of water into the
spiracles when they submerge. The ease with which
this is accomplished depends on the surface
properties of the cuticle and, in particular, on its
resistance to wetting. When a liquid rests on a solid
or
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phagostimulatory
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Lycoriella ingenua
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Elytra
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deployment
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Entomologie
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اصطاحات ولغات تخصصی حشره شناسی کشاورزی از انتشارات دانشکاه تهران
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